The history of many of these islands is rooted in colonialism, Christianity, and patriarchy, which directly contribute to the myriad national identities that define the social and moral fabric of the region’s cultures.

Diaz said that the Dominican Republic is saturated in patriarchy.

“Right now queer people have limited rights in the Dominican Republic,” he said. “Like in many other countries, many queer people, especially transgender women, have been victims of hate attacks. Also, the Dominican Republic does not recognize same-sex marriage as legitimate.”

In Puerto Rico, Valentin said that she encounters discrimination and harassment living openly, particularly when she’s with her wife, who is more feminine.